Within the section on reflections about modern Europe, Christos Chatziosif examines the organization of the Nazi violence system in Europe and the trauma that this system represents today for the Greeks and democratic consciences in Germany.

Carlos Amaral refers to the political community created from the mid-20th century in Europe, its present, and its future, while Dieter Eissel studies the impacts of market dogmatism and political austerity in today's Europe, with Greece as a prominent example.

Focusing also on contemporary reality, Alexander Grasse examines the renewed regionalization emerging after the 2008 economic crisis, which threatens overall European social cohesion.

Finally, Maria Manuela Tavares Ribeiro investigates the extent to which Europe today constitutes a community with democratic values.

Giorgos Margaritis studies Greece's trajectory from the end of World War I until the 1922 coup, with a primary focus on patriotism as both a literal concept and event, within the context of Hellenism and Greek capitalism.

The thematic section on European history issues, in which this study is included, continues with the contribution of Eleni Nikolaidou, regarding the participation and support of the IG Farben company in Hitler's and the Nazi Party's economic plans.

Lili Sarafi traces the development of the anarchist movement in Spain from the 19th century and its response to the Spanish Civil War, while Dimitris Filippis studies the arms smuggling that flourished during Metaxas' dictatorship with the Republicans in Spain (1936-1939), as well as the conflict between the dictatorship and Italian fascism and the Franco regime.

Philip Minehan examines the deeply destructive effects of the dominant policy of hostility toward all forms of leftist politics in southern Europe, from 1917 to 1949.