In 1636-1637, intermediaries, known as flower merchants, first appeared in the tulip trade in the Netherlands. They transformed the market for natural products into a financial market. They speculated at the expense of both producers and consumers, leading to the first financial crisis, the TULIP CRISIS.

Since then, this technique has been used across the spectrum of financial markets, resulting in "bubbles." Historical experience so far has shown that powerful speculative and banking interests, bolstered by globalization and having weakened national governments, manage to impose and secure their own interests at the expense of vulnerable social strata.

It is certain that financial markets constitute a "public good," essential for ensuring the funding of the economy and social needs. However, they must operate based on the benefit of the economy and society as a whole, rather than be left in the hands of speculators who enrich themselves while impoverishing societies. The re-regulation of a new regulatory framework can restore them to a rational mode of operation.