The work of George Gemistos, also known as Plethon, titled “On What Aristotle Differs from Plato,” addresses the differences between the philosophical views of Aristotle and Plato. In this work, Plethon analyzes the fundamental divergences between the two great philosophers, focusing on areas such as metaphysics, ethics, and political philosophy. According to the work, Plethon presents Aristotle as opposing many of Plato's views, often using Plato's own arguments against him, which Plethon considers to be “sophistry” rather than a philosophical practice.

Specifically, in his work, Plethon examines the following key differences:

Metaphysics:
Plato believed in the existence of transcendent ideas, while Aristotle argued that reality resides in the material world.

Ethics:
Plato emphasized virtue as knowledge, while Aristotle focused on the practical application of moral principles.

Politics:
Plato envisioned the ideal state, while Aristotle studied the various forms of government in practice.

This work of Plethon had a significant influence on the revival of interest in Plato and Aristotle during the Renaissance in Europe.