This study examines the developments in the field of Theater through a reflective prism: it presents basic concepts and trends of Theater Science at an international and Greek level, reviewing the relevant discussions and attempting to determine what has been achieved from what was sought and what remains to be done. Among other things, it loosely deals with basic issues of theory, pedagogy, sociology, anthropology, and theater historiography at an international and Greek level (with the exception of Ancient Theater, which is discussed only in relation to its reception), with particular reference to postmodern pioneering. Its main contribution lies in providing a good overview of research achievements in all fields and specific areas, especially Neohellenic Theater. Finally, thanks to its rich bibliography, the study serves as a very useful guide for anyone interested in Theater Science.