Borax is a salt of Boron and sodium with 10 molecules of water (called decahydrate). It is a white powder, containing 36.5% B2O3 (boron trioxide), which means 11.5% B (Boron) and 16.5% Na2O (sodium oxide). Boron is an essential element in small quantities for plant nutrition because:

• It is necessary for the synthesis of proteins.
• It helps in the absorption of calcium by plants and the normal development of the root system.
• It aids in the good flowering and fruit setting of most trees.

In case of boron deficiency in the soil, the absorption of calcium becomes difficult even if calcium is abundant. Additionally, root rot is observed, along with a reduction in both the quantity and quality of production, and in extreme cases, it can lead to zero production.

Boron deficiency occurs frequently in olives, beets, fruit trees, vegetables, cereals, etc. In Greece, boron deficiency is more commonly found in olives, almonds, apples, and cherries.

Boron deficiency in olives has the following Symptoms:

• Chlorosis of the leaf tips.
• Drying of the top of the tree and appearance of dry branches throughout the tree.
• Appearance of the symptom of "broom" on the tree.
• Small leaves and the leaves become paddle-shaped.
• Falling fruits before ripening and many fruits appear wrinkled.