Asia Minor has been a geographical area where Greek culture flourished since ancient times, followed by Orthodoxy. Additionally, it has always been a crossroads for the meeting of peoples, merchants, cultures, and diverse religious groups.

Particularly after the battle of Manzikert (1071), when the presence of the Seljuk Turks in Asia Minor was solidified, Christians and Muslims coexisted, amidst many changes and adventures, until the Asia Minor Catastrophe (1922). The city that best reflected this reality was Smyrna, or "Ghiaour Izmir" as it was called by the Turks. The city experienced remarkable economic, cultural, and population growth in the two centuries preceding the Asia Minor Catastrophe.

In the multi-religious and multi-ethnic mosaic of Smyrna, the Greeks made the greatest progress in the economic and social sectors. However, the complex transition from the era of great empires to the formation of nation-states, which began in the 19th century and ended in the 20th century, naturally altered the conditions prevailing in Smyrna.

This study focuses precisely on the critical period between the Young Turk Revolution (1908) and the Asia Minor Catastrophe, when the local Greek-Orthodox Community faced successive challenges and tragically completed its historical course following the collapse of the Greek army in Asia Minor.