A work focusing on the study of phenomena that occur in the area from the center of the Earth to the sphere of the moon. Issues of astronomy, geography, physics, geometry, optics, geology, seismology, volcanology, and meteorology are examined. Books III, IV: Phenomena of reflection (halo, iris, parhelion). Results caused by vapors in the underground. Active (hot, cold) and passive (dry, wet) properties and their interactions.

Aristotle, son of the physician Nicomachus, was born in Stagira in 384 B.C. Information about the early years of his life is very limited. At the age of seventeen, he went to Athens to study at Plato's Academy. He remained there for twenty years, from 367 to 348 B.C., until the death of Plato. Then, Aristotle left for Assos in Troas, and after a three-year stay there, went to Lesbos and then to Macedonia, where he undertook the education of the royal heir Alexander.

When his student ascended to the throne, Aristotle settled in Athens and founded his school, the Lyceum. After Alexander's death (323 B.C.), the philosopher's stay in Athens became difficult. He was forced to flee to Chalcis, his mother's homeland, where he died in 322. A universal spirit, Aristotle created a vast and valuable body of philosophical and scientific work. Epistemology, logic, theology, physics, biology, psychology, ethics, political philosophy, aesthetics are the main areas of knowledge he researched and studied.

The Alexandrian Hermippus estimated Aristotle's works to be 400. Lists containing 143 titles of his works have survived to this day. Diogenes Laertius estimated the number of lines in Aristotle's writings to be 440,000. The influence of his work on the shaping of world thought has been strong for centuries and remains so.

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