In the present study, two dialogues are examined, "Anterastae" and "Cleitophon," which are most likely not authentically written by Plato.

The reader of the first dialogue is faced with a stimulating surprise: perhaps for the first time within the context of ancient Greek literature, they encounter a text in which, through its successive sections, the relationship between Philosophy and Science is posed with fascinating persistence.

But the surprise does not lie so much in the above point as in what follows: Philosophy is essentially presented as apologizing—and even to itself—subjecting itself to external and internal criticism, recognizing that it must be governed by a sense of moderation, and ultimately assigning to Science, notably through Gymnastics, the task of defining for it the appropriate paths of research and interpretation.

But for what compelling reason do the above occur? We believe that a valid answer can be provided by the second dialogue.