In this book, translated philosophical texts from ancient Greek literature, both poetic and prose, have been anthologized. Through these texts, we follow the philosophical thought of antiquity as it developed in the Eastern Mediterranean basin from the 6th century BC to the 6th century AD, and the evolution of ancient Greek philosophy.

The book consists of the Introduction, where the concept of philosophy is analyzed, definitions are given, and its significance in human life is discussed, along with its historical evolution from the archaic period to late antiquity, and its division into branches. Additionally, the sources supporting the tradition of ancient Greek philosophy are mentioned. The anthologized texts that follow, in twenty-four sections, highlight the moral, political, and social thought of the philosophers of antiquity. The issues examined pertain to concepts such as: knowledge and truth, nature and society, law and nature, happiness and virtue, state and political organization, justice and law.

The twenty-four sections are distributed across five chapters. Of these, the first two are dedicated to the Pre-Socratics and the Sophists, each containing four sections. The next two refer to the philosophers of classical antiquity, Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, and each contains five sections. The fifth chapter, dedicated to Cynic philosophy, which developed after the death of Socrates, and the philosophical schools of the Hellenistic and Roman periods, contains six sections. Each chapter is composed of a general organizer, the introduction, and the individual sections. In each section, there is the translated text, preceded by the organizer, which briefly presents the thematic axes of the selected text, and is supplemented with comments, parallel texts, questions, assignments, and activities. Each chapter concludes with a summary. At the end of the book, in one section, a general overview of the issues developed in it is presented.