This treatise thoroughly and clearly addresses the significant issues found in Book III of Aristotle's "Politics". These are essentially summarized into the three pillars of his political philosophy.

These are: a) The concept and essence of the city-state, which, despite any political changes, maintains the uniqueness of its identity. For this reason, it must respect and uphold its agreements with other city-states. This implies that the regime is not the only constituent element of its identity.

b) The concept of the citizen, which is examined both realistically and ethically. This depends on and is determined by the specific form of the regime at any given time. According to the broader definition of the term "citizen", it refers to someone who participates in the political and judicial power. A good citizen is considered to be one who respects the laws, knows and alternately practices the art of ruling and being ruled, and strives for the preservation of the regime. Above the good citizen is the citizen distinguished by his virtues. This is the so-called virtuous man who characterizes the best regimes.

c) The concept of the regime. The regime is a specific organization of citizens through particular socio-political institutions in relation to the distribution and exercise of power. It is the constitutional order that embodies a specific political, social, and philosophical ideology and is primarily expressed by the respective governmental authority. The relationship between the collective of citizens and the regime is ultimately dialectical.