About the necessity for rulers to engage with philosophers: The usefulness and practical significance of the philosopher's interaction with political figures and rulers.
To an uneducated ruler: The good ruler and the administration he exercises as a miniature of the divine governance of the world.
On whether the elderly should participate in politics: Development of the issue of whether the elderly should be involved in political life. Plutarch answers affirmatively. Historical examples.
About the prohibition against borrowing: Criticism of the habit of some to resort hastily to borrowing.
The biographer and philosopher Plutarch (ca. 50-120 A.D.) was born in Chaeronea, Boeotia. Through his travels, he broadened his knowledge and came into contact with prominent personalities of his time, primarily notable Romans. He lived most of his life in his homeland and held public priestly offices.
His extant works are divided into the historical-biographical section and the so-called 'Ethical' writings. In the 'Parallel Lives,' prominent Greeks and Romans are compared, and the worlds each represents are indirectly contrasted.
In the 'Ethical' writings, issues of morality, philosophy, science, politics, literary criticism, as well as topics from the realm of religion, nature, history, etc., are developed, sometimes in the form of dialogues and other times as treatises or dissertations.
Erudite and possessing a subtle spirit, the author expressed traditional Greek values with simplicity and an optimistic outlook. His work delights and teaches, while also serving as an important source of literature from classical and Hellenistic times.
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