TOPICALS VII-VIII: Continuation on dialectical reasoning and its method of production. Reasoning that cannot be ethically supported is excluded from logic.

ON SOPHISTIC REFUTATIONS: Continuation of the problematic of the Topicals. Opposition to the argumentative strategies of the Eristics.

Aristotle, son of the physician Nicomachus, was born in Stagira in 384 BC. There is very little information about his early years. At the age of seventeen, he went to Athens to study at the Platonic Academy. He stayed there for twenty years, from 367 to 348 BC, when Plato died. After that, Aristotle left for Assos in Troas and after a three-year stay there, he went to Lesbos and then to Macedonia, where he took on the education of the royal heir Alexander.

When his pupil ascended the throne, Aristotle settled in Athens and founded his school, the Lyceum. After Alexander's death (323 BC), the philosopher's stay in Athens became difficult. He was forced to seek refuge in Chalcis, his mother's hometown, where he died in 322.

A universal spirit, Aristotle created a vast and valuable philosophical and scientific body of work. Epistemology, logic, theology, physics, biology, psychology, ethics, political philosophy, aesthetics are the main fields of knowledge he researched and studied.

The Alexandrian Hermippus estimated Aristotle's works at 400. To this day, lists have survived that include 143 titles of his works. Diogenes Laertius estimated the number of lines in Aristotelian writings to be 440,000. The influence of his work on the formation of global thought was, for centuries, and remains, strong.

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