The work of John Locke, Two Treatises of Government, serves not only as the foundational exposition of the political theory of the English philosopher but also as one of the classic texts of the European political tradition. It lays the groundwork for the political ideology known as liberalism, which has decisively influenced the formation of Western societies for centuries.

In the First Treatise, Locke refutes the arguments of Sir Robert Filmer in favor of the divinely ordained monarchy, while in the Second Treatise, he develops a different and bold theory of political legitimacy, the nature of society, and the organization of the state.

In this work, he attempts to redefine the fundamental concepts of political theory—such as the notion of the natural state of humans, property, the social contract, the nature of the state and the institutions that comprise it, as well as the relationships of powers among them—with a normative demand for the value of freedom and the safeguarding of individual rights.

He was the first to introduce the idea of power as a trust, the separation of powers, and the notion of revolution in cases where those in power violate the trust and infringe upon the separation of powers. The Greek edition is accompanied by an extensive introductory study and comments, as well as bibliographical references that will assist the reader in deepening their study of both this work and the liberal political tradition more generally.